Elimination Techniques To Solve MCQs in UPSC Civil Services Prelims

Elimination Techniques To Solve MCQs 

Before you start reading this long post on Elimination Techniques, we would like to tell you two things.

One – This post would be lengthy. However, it would be worth your time if you read it till the end (and adopt it in your regular practice).

Two – There is a ‘Disclaimer’ regarding this post, which we have added just below. You should read that, before starting to use these techniques.

Disclaimer

Elimination Techniques are not a replacement of traditional knowledge, study materials, books, or mock test series. These techniques are supposed to supplement your preparation and hence boost your Prelims score.

We recommend aspirants to try these techniques in exam hall only after checking its effectiveness against previous year UPSC question papers, mock tests.

If this is fine, let us start by analysing nature of UPSC CSE Prelims Questions.

UPSC Prelims: 2 marks for a correct answer and -0.66 for a wrong answer

Let us focus our attention to the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Prelims Question Paper contains 100 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs).

Against each question, 4 different answer choices will be given.

Only one out of the four choices would be the correct one. If you mark it correctly you would get 2 marks.

If you mark any of the three other choices, your answer would go wrong. To make matters worse, there is a penalty too. -0.66 marks would be deducted from your existing score.

Finding the right answer vs Finding the wrong answers

In MCQ based exams, the correct answer is right there on the question paper itself. It is one of the 4 answer choices – A, B, C, or D.

To mark the answer correctly, you have two options:

·         Either you should find the right answer directly with pre-existing knowledge OR

·         Eliminate wrong answer choices to be left with the right answer choice.

Until now, the core focus of most aspirants would have been to find the right answer by increasing the knowledge level. Fine.

However, it would be greatly useful for you if you master the 2nd option as well – intelligent elimination.

We will see how can we arrive at the correct answer choice by eliminating the wrong answer choices.

In this post, we would be discussing 10 Techniques, and see how can practising these techniques boost your prelims score exponentially.

1: Unfamiliar answer choices will be false in most of the cases

Is there answer choices that are completely unfamiliar to you?

If you have diligently prepared for an exam, yet an answer choice seems to be completely foreign, then that choice is more than likely incorrect.

Consider the UPSC CSE 2017 Question:

Qn) In the context of India, which one of the following is the correct relationship between Rights and Duties?

A) Rights are correlative with Duties.

B) Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties.

C) Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen.

D) Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State.

Correct Answer: A) Rights are correlative with Duties.

How can you arrive at this answer?

Just go through different answer choices. Despite carefully studying many of the best-selling books for Indian Polity – Laxmikanth, D. D. Basu etc – have you ever come across any statement like (D) Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State, (C) Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen, or (B) Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties?

Never.

In fact, what we have learned is that Rights and Duties are equally important. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin.

Which statement best expresses this meaning? Answer – (A) Rights are correlative with Duties.

2: Look for opposite answer choices. One of them can be the right answer.

Another thing that you can do to improve your odds of answering the question correctly is to look for answer choices that are complete opposites of one another. Often times one of the two answers is going to be correct.

Consider the UPSC CSE 2013 Question Paper

Qn: An increase in the Bank Rate generally indicates that the

(A) the market rate of interest is likely to fall

(B) Central Bank is no longer making loans to commercial banks

(C) Central Bank is following an easy money policy

(D) Central Bank is following a tight money policy

Correct Answer: (D) Central Bank is following a tight money policy

How will you find the correct answer using this technique?

Just narrow down your selection to answer choices that are complete opposites of one another. In the above case (C) and (D) contradicts each other.

So the chance of any one of them to be the right answer is 50%.

Use common sense now. If the bank rates are high, interest rates will be high – for deposits as well as loans. What would it mean with respect to ease of access to loans for corporates – easy or tight? Tight, right? Yes. You have found the right answer. (D) Central Bank is following a tight money policy.

3: Look for look-alike choices. One of them can be the answer.

Conventional wisdom often dictates that if two answers look-alike but are slightly different, one of the two choices is probably correct.

Qn) What is the purpose of ‘evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)’ project?

A) To detect neutrinos

B) To detect gravitational waves

C) To detect the effectiveness of missile defence system

D) To study the effect of solar flares on our communication systems

Correct Answer: B) To detect gravitational waves

Here the look-alike choices are A, B, and C. Choice ‘C’ can be eliminated as it mentions about missiles, while the question is about ‘space’ antenna. We know that missiles are not generally connected with ‘space’. Now the choices are reduced to just 2 – A or B.

Neutrinos can be detected even from earth. Remember the controversy about the India-based Neutrino Observatory (Tamil Nadu). The question is about Laser and Space. This eliminates option A. What is remaining is option B – which is the right answer. eLISA is used to detect gravitational waves.

4: Answer choice with ‘Always’ and ‘Never’ are usually wrong.

Words such as ‘always’ and ‘never’ reflect that an answer choice would apply regardless of the situation.

Answers containing words like ‘always’ and ‘never’ are typically incorrect.

Qn) The people of India agitated against the arrival of Simon Commission because

A. Indians never wanted the review of the working of the Act of 1919

B. Simon Commission recommended the abolition of Dyarchy (Diarchy) in the

provinces

C. There was no Indian member in the Simon Commission

D. The Simon Commission suggested the partition of the country

Correct Answer: C. There was no Indian member in the Simon Commission

Option ‘A’ has the word ‘never’. It is a too general statement, which can rarely be true. In fact, many Indians wanted a review of the working of the Act of 1919. Eliminate that option.

Option D can be eliminated if you know the year of arrival of Simon Commission (1927). Partition became a topic in Indian History only by 1940s.

5: Always eliminate extreme statements

Extreme statements have more chance to be wrong in case of social sciences.

Always avoid extreme statements.

Qn) What is/are the most likely advantages of implementing ‘Goods and Services Tax (GST)’?

1. It will replace multiple taxes collected by multiple authorities and will thus create a single market in India.

2. It will drastically reduce the ‘Current Account Deficit’ of India and will enable it to increase its foreign exchange reserves.

3. It will enormously increase the growth and size of the economy of India and will enable it to overtake China in the near future.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A) 1 only

B) 2 and 3 only

C) 1 and 3 only

D) 1, 2 and 3

Correct answer: A) 1 only

Be cautious of the extreme statements. Statement 2 mentions about ‘drastically reduce’ while Statement 3 mentions about ‘enormously increase’. The adjectives do not fit the above context with respect to GST and can hence be easily eliminated.

What is remaining is only statement 1. Hence correct answer is A) 1 only.

6: Eliminate wrong answer choice using grammatical context

Every once in a while you might be able to eliminate a possible answer choice by using grammatical context.

Even though UPSC has gotten a lot better about this over the years, you might still occasionally see questions in which one or more of the answer choices simply does not fit with the grammatical context of the question.

Such answers can be instantly eliminated.

Qn) The annual range of temperature in the interior of the continents is high as compared to coastal areas. What is/are the reason/reasons?

1.Thermal difference between land and water

2.Variation in altitude between continents and oceans

3.Presence of strong winds in the interior

4.Heavy rains in the interior as compared to coasts

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

A) 1 only

B) 1 and 2 only

C) 2 and 3 only

D) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Correct Answer: A) 1 only

Sometimes, if you look at the UPSC question statements or answer choices you notice something as missing. For example, statement 3 just mentions the Presence of strong winds in the ‘interior’. It is not properly clarifying interior of ‘what’. Same is the case with statement 4. Much more problematic is statement 2 which mentions ‘altitude of continents’ which is not a phrase true grammarians agree.

Eliminating 2, 3, and 4 – you are left with only statement 1.

So the correct answer is A) 1 only.

7: The artificially complicated option is wrong in most cases

If you are having trouble figuring out which answers can be eliminated, don’t assume that the most complicated answer choice is correct.

Often at least one or two of the possible choices will be unnecessarily complicated and are designed to serve as distracters for those who do not know the material.

In most cases, the unnecessarily complicated option is wrong.

Consider the UPSC CSE 2017 Question

Qn) In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, what does it imply?

A) It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.

B) It no longer exists in the wild, a few individuals are under captive protection; and now it is impossible to prevent its extinction.

C) It is endemic to a particular region of India.

D) Both (b) and (c) stated above are correct in this context.

Correct Answer: A) It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.

Option B is artificially complicated. It goes even to the extent of saying “…it is impossible to prevent its extinction.” This should raise a red flag in your head. This should be wrong. If B is wrong, D too is wrong. This line of thinking helps you to eliminate 2 answer options.

Now answer is either A or C. As Wildlife Protection act is about ‘protection’ and not about ‘endemic status’, you can eliminate option D, and mark option A with confidence! 

8: If UPSC uses the word ‘can’ in the answer choice/statement for Science and Technology Questions, that choice/statement has a high probability of being correct.

Consider this question asked in UPSC CSE Prelims 2018.

Qn). With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following statements:

1.   A high content of organic matter in soil drastically reduces its water holding capacity.

2.   Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle.

3.   Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the salinization of some agricultural lands.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 3 only

C. 1 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: B. 3 only

The first 2 statements use extreme words – ‘drastically’ and ‘any’. It can be eliminated. To further ease your selection, the last statement has a ‘can’. ‘Can’ shows a future possibility – which is most likely true with respect to most of the Science and Technology questions.

9: If UPSC specifically mentions any numerical value in the answer choice, that answer choice has a high probability of being wrong

How to create wrong statements?

One of the easiest and naïve methods is to change numerical values or units.

Yes, UPSC does that!

Consider this UPSC CSE 2016 Question.

Qn) With reference to ‘Astrosat’, the astronomical observatory launched by India, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Other than the USA and Russia, India is the only country to have launched a similar observatory into space.

2. Astrosat is a 2000 kg satellite placed in an orbit at 1650 km above the surface of the Earth.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below

A. 1 only

B. 2 Only

C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: D. Neither 1 nor 2

Can you identify what is wrong in this question? Which statement(s)? Actually, both statements are wrong.

Let’s first consider Statement 2. The problems with this statement are wrong numerical values. Actually, ASTROSAT has a lift-off mass of about 1513 kg and was launched into a 650 km orbit. The UPSC Question Paper experts just changed the numerical values about Astrosat to make this question wrong. If you keep a suspicious eye towards numerical values you see in question papers, there is every chance you can eliminate wrong choices. (This does not mean every numerical value mentioned in UPSC Question paper is wrong).

What about Statement 1. The problem in this statement is the word ‘only’. India is not the ‘only’ country other than the USA and Russia. I have already warned you to be cautious about extreme statements.

10: If any part of an answer choice is false, then the entire answer choice can be eliminated as wrong.

Another great strategy is to use what I like to call a true/false test.

The basic idea is that if any part of a potential answer is false then the entire answer is incorrect.

Consider this question asked in UPSC CSE Prelims 2017

Qn) Consider the following in respect of the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS):

1. Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy.

2.IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co­operation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

A) 1 only

B) 2 only

C) Both 1 and 2

D) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: B) 2 only

We have already told you to be cautious of numbers in the statement. In this question, the first statement has a number  – 2015. This value is actually wrong. Apart from this, the rest of the statement is correct. However, if a part of the statement is wrong, you should eliminate the entire answer choice as wrong.

You can call these Elimination Techniques as MCQ Hacks, Cheat Codes (as in video games) or whatever. As long as the process of finding the correct answer is using ethical methods, and no exam hall ‘cheating’ is involved, there is no need to worry.

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